ABSTRACT
Abstract Genetic distances among different chickpea varieties and evaluation of their free amino acid profiles were determined on the basis of Sodium dodecyle sulphate polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Total soluble proteins were resolved on 10% SDS Polyacrylamide gel. Low variability in tested varieties was observed. Dendogram based on electrophoretic data clustered the genotypes into 2 groups. The results showed that the average protein content of all the varieties was 26.01% within the range 22.8% for Thal-2006 to 34.06% Sheenghar-2000 of dry seed weight. On the basis of total protein content Bittal-98, Dasht and Sheen Ghar-2000, Karak-3 and CM-98, Paidar -91 and Fakhr-e-Thal, C-44, Balaksar and KK-1showed similar concentrations for protein contents among each other but showed variation from the rest of the varieties. Different proteins were separated on the basis of changes in their molecular weights by means of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Dasht, CM-98, and Sheen Ghar showed 100% similarity. Balaksar and Fakhr-e- Thal, KK-2 and Chattan and KC-98, KK-1 and Lawaghar were 100% similar among each other but showed variation from the rest of the accessions. The overall dendrogram showed high and low level of variation among the accessions. The concentration of free amino acids varied among the 16 chickpea varieties. A significant difference of both essential and non-essential amino acids was found among the chickpea cultivars. The total concentration of essential amino acid was recorded 40.81 g/100 g protein while non-essential was recorded 59.18343 g/100 g protein in the given cultivars. The highest concentration of essential amino acids was found in C-44 followed by KK-2, KK-1 and Fakhr E Tal while the lowest concentration was recorded in Cm-98, Paidar-91 and Sheen Ghar-2000 respectively. Cultivars TAL-2006, Chattan and Karak-3 showed maximum concentration of both essential and endogenous amino acids. In conclusion; for broadening the genetic pools in breeding programs or to search for exotic characters, for instance new disease resistance alleles, accession with low similarity coefficients (Lawaghar and Battal-98) may be utilized. Furthermore the information acquired from this study could be used to device a proficient breeding approach intended at improving nutritional as well as broadening the genetic base of this essential food crop of Pakistan.
Resumo As distâncias genéticas entre as diferentes variedades de grão-de-bico e a avaliação de seus perfis de aminoácidos livres foram determinadas com base na eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida com dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). As proteínas solúveis totais foram resolvidas em SDS-PAGE a 10%. Foi observada baixa variabilidade nas variedades testadas. O dendrograma fundamentado em dados eletroforéticos agrupou os genótipos em dois grupos. Os resultados mostraram que o teor médio de proteínas de todas as variedades foi de 26,01%, na faixa de 22,8% para Thal-2006 a 34,06% para Sheenghar-2000 do peso de sementes secas. Com base no conteúdo total de proteínas, Bittal-98, Dasht, Sheen Ghar-2000, Karak-3, CM-98, Paidar-91, Fakhr-e-Thal, C-44, Balaksar e KK-1 apresentaram concentrações semelhantes para o conteúdo de proteínas entre si, mas tiveram variação quanto ao restante das variedades. Diferentes proteínas foram separadas com base nas alterações de seus pesos moleculares por meio de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida com dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). Dasht, CM-98 e Sheen Ghar mostraram 100% de similaridade. Balaksar, Fakhr-e-Thal, KK-2, Chattan e KC-98, KK-1 e Lawaghar foram 100% semelhantes entre si, mas apresentaram variação em relação ao restante dos acessos. O dendrograma geral mostrou alto e baixo nível de variação entre os acessos. A concentração de aminoácidos livres variou entre as 16 variedades de grão-de-bico. Foi encontrada uma diferença significativa entre os aminoácidos essenciais e não essenciais nas cultivares de grão-de-bico. A concentração total de aminoácidos essenciais foi registrada em 40,81 g / 100 g de proteína, enquanto a não essencial foi registrada em 59,18343 g / 100 g de proteína nas cultivares. A maior concentração de aminoácidos essenciais foi encontrada em C-44, seguida de KK-2, KK-1 e Fakhr-e-Thal, enquanto a menor concentração foi registrada em CM-98, Paidar-91 e Sheen Ghar-2000. As cultivares TAL-2006, Chattan e Karak-3 apresentaram concentração máxima de aminoácidos essenciais e endógenos. Em conclusão, para ampliar os pools genéticos em programas de melhoramento ou procurar caracteres exóticos, por exemplo, novos alelos de resistência a doenças, pode ser utilizada a adesão com baixos coeficientes de similaridade (Lawaghar e Battal-98). Além disso, as informações adquiridas neste estudo poderiam ser usadas para criar uma abordagem de criação eficiente, com o objetivo de melhorar a nutrição e ampliar a base genética dessa cultura alimentar essencial do Paquistão.
Subject(s)
Cicer/genetics , Pakistan , Seeds , Plant Breeding , GenotypeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The preparation of broad bean koji is a key process in the production of Pixian broad bean paste (PBP). Protease is essential for the degradation of proteins during PBP fermentation. To obtain broad bean koji with high protease activity using the cocultivated strains of Aspergillus oryzae QM-6 (A. oryzae QM-6) and Aspergillus niger QH-3 (A. niger QH-3), the optimization of acid and neutral protease activities was carried out using BoxBehnken design with response surface methodology (RSM). RESULTS: The optimum conditions were found to be as follows: inoculation proportion (X1), 3:1 (A. oryzae QM-6: A. niger QH-3, w/w); culture temperature (X2), 33°C; inoculum size (X3), 0.5% (w/w); incubation time (X4), 5 d. The acid and neutral protease activities were 605.2 ± 12.4 U/g and 1582.9 ± 23.7 U/g, respectively, which were in good agreement with the predicted values. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles revealed that the broad bean koji extracellular proteins in the case of cocultivation were richer compared to those in the case of A. oryzae QM-6 or A. niger QH-3 strain only. In addition, the free amino acids (FAAs) in the fermentation product were 55% higher in the cocultivation process than in that involving only A. oryzae QM-6, further confirming the diversity of proteases in the fermentation products. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal conditions of koji-making in PBP were obtained using RSM. The cocultivation of A. oryzae and A. niger increases the overall enzyme activities in the culture medium and the FAAs content, which would thus have potential application in the PBP industry.
Subject(s)
Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism , Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus oryzae , Fabaceae/enzymology , Coculture Techniques , Vicia faba , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Fermentation , Amino AcidsABSTRACT
Objective To study and observe the effect of astragalus membranaceus on serum free amino acids and chemokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Lishui Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine from October 2014 to May 2016 were selected as the research object,and 60 patients were divided into control group and observation group with 30 cases in each group,according to the method of random number table,the control group were treated with conventional treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,the observation group were treated with astragalus mongholicus on the basic of control group,then the serum free amino acids and chemokines of two groups before the treatment and at 10th,20th,40th and 60th day after the treatment were respectively detected and compared. Results The serum free amino acids and chemokines of two groups before the treatment were compared, while the serum chemokines of observation group at 10th,20th,40th and 60th day after the treatment were all lower than those of control group,the serum free amino acids glutamic acid,asparagic acid and phenylalanine were all lower than those of control group,leucine,γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine and taurine were all higher than those of control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The influence of astragalus mongholicus for the serum free amino acids and chemokines of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is better,so its application in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis is higher.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Genetic distances among different chickpea varieties and evaluation of their free amino acid profiles were determined on the basis of Sodium dodecyle sulphate polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Total soluble proteins were resolved on 10% SDS Polyacrylamide gel. Low variability in tested varieties was observed. Dendogram based on electrophoretic data clustered the genotypes into 2 groups. The results showed that the average protein content of all the varieties was 26.01% within the range 22.8% for Thal-2006 to 34.06% Sheenghar-2000 of dry seed weight. On the basis of total protein content Bittal-98, Dasht and Sheen Ghar-2000, Karak-3 and CM-98, Paidar -91 and Fakhr-e-Thal, C-44, Balaksar and KK-1showed similar concentrations for protein contents among each other but showed variation from the rest of the varieties. Different proteins were separated on the basis of changes in their molecular weights by means of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Dasht, CM-98, and Sheen Ghar showed 100% similarity. Balaksar and Fakhr-e- Thal, KK-2 and Chattan and KC-98, KK-1 and Lawaghar were 100% similar among each other but showed variation from the rest of the accessions. The overall dendrogram showed high and low level of variation among the accessions. The concentration of free amino acids varied among the 16 chickpea varieties. A significant difference of both essential and non-essential amino acids was found among the chickpea cultivars. The total concentration of essential amino acid was recorded 40.81 g/100 g protein while non-essential was recorded 59.18343 g/100 g protein in the given cultivars. The highest concentration of essential amino acids was found in C-44 followed by KK-2, KK-1 and Fakhr E Tal while the lowest concentration was recorded in Cm-98, Paidar-91 and Sheen Ghar-2000 respectively. Cultivars TAL-2006, Chattan and Karak-3 showed maximum concentration of both essential and endogenous amino acids. In conclusion; for broadening the genetic pools in breeding programs or to search for exotic characters, for instance new disease resistance alleles, accession with low similarity coefficients (Lawaghar and Battal-98) may be utilized. Furthermore the information acquired from this study could be used to device a proficient breeding approach intended at improving nutritional as well as broadening the genetic base of this essential food crop of Pakistan.
Resumo As distâncias genéticas entre as diferentes variedades de grão-de-bico e a avaliação de seus perfis de aminoácidos livres foram determinadas com base na eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida com dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). As proteínas solúveis totais foram resolvidas em SDS-PAGE a 10%. Foi observada baixa variabilidade nas variedades testadas. O dendrograma fundamentado em dados eletroforéticos agrupou os genótipos em dois grupos. Os resultados mostraram que o teor médio de proteínas de todas as variedades foi de 26,01%, na faixa de 22,8% para Thal-2006 a 34,06% para Sheenghar-2000 do peso de sementes secas. Com base no conteúdo total de proteínas, Bittal-98, Dasht, Sheen Ghar-2000, Karak-3, CM-98, Paidar-91, Fakhr-e-Thal, C-44, Balaksar e KK-1 apresentaram concentrações semelhantes para o conteúdo de proteínas entre si, mas tiveram variação quanto ao restante das variedades. Diferentes proteínas foram separadas com base nas alterações de seus pesos moleculares por meio de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida com dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). Dasht, CM-98 e Sheen Ghar mostraram 100% de similaridade. Balaksar, Fakhr-e-Thal, KK-2, Chattan e KC-98, KK-1 e Lawaghar foram 100% semelhantes entre si, mas apresentaram variação em relação ao restante dos acessos. O dendrograma geral mostrou alto e baixo nível de variação entre os acessos. A concentração de aminoácidos livres variou entre as 16 variedades de grão-de-bico. Foi encontrada uma diferença significativa entre os aminoácidos essenciais e não essenciais nas cultivares de grão-de-bico. A concentração total de aminoácidos essenciais foi registrada em 40,81 g / 100 g de proteína, enquanto a não essencial foi registrada em 59,18343 g / 100 g de proteína nas cultivares. A maior concentração de aminoácidos essenciais foi encontrada em C-44, seguida de KK-2, KK-1 e Fakhr-e-Thal, enquanto a menor concentração foi registrada em CM-98, Paidar-91 e Sheen Ghar-2000. As cultivares TAL-2006, Chattan e Karak-3 apresentaram concentração máxima de aminoácidos essenciais e endógenos. Em conclusão, para ampliar os pools genéticos em programas de melhoramento ou procurar caracteres exóticos, por exemplo, novos alelos de resistência a doenças, pode ser utilizada a adesão com baixos coeficientes de similaridade (Lawaghar e Battal-98). Além disso, as informações adquiridas neste estudo poderiam ser usadas para criar uma abordagem de criação eficiente, com o objetivo de melhorar a nutrição e ampliar a base genética dessa cultura alimentar essencial do Paquistão.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish the quantification method for free amino acids including threonine, alanine, lysine and tyrosine in the inner part of Poria cocos. METHODS: AQC (6-quinolyl-N-hydroxy-succinimidyl-carboxylate) was used as deriving reagent, and pre-column derivatization combined with ultra-high performance chromatography was applied to quantify threonine, alanine, lysine and tyrosine in 24 batches of the inner part of Poria cocos from Yunnan, Hubei and Anhui provinces. The experimental data were analyzed by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) using Simca-p+11 software. RESULTS: Alanine existed in every batch of sample, and its content ranged from 16.97-69.92 μg·g-1 in samples collected from different origins. Threonine, lysine and tyrosine were not found in some samples. The PLS-DA result showed that the samples from Yunnan and Anhui provinces clustered well. While the amino acid contents in the samples from Hubei province varied greatly. CONCLUSION: AQC combined with pre-column derivatization is a convenient, rapid and sensitive method to quantify the free amino acids in Poria.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish a quantitative method of determining the contents of 15 kinds of free amino acids in the Hericium erinaceus mycelium. METHODS: The HPLC analysis was performed after derivatization by using phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) as a derivative reagent. The chromatographic column was Ultimate Amino Acid(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase A was acetonitrile-water (80∶20), and mobile phase B was sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.5). Gradient elution was performed at the flow rate of 1.0 mLmin-1. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm, and the column temperature was maintained at 40℃. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients of 15 kinds of free amino acids ranged from 0.999 7 to 0.999 9. The average recovery rate (n=6) was between 96.83%-98.60%, and the RSD was between 0.67%-2.67%. CONCLUSION: This method is simple, accurate and can be used to determine the contents of 15 kinds of free amino acids in the Hericium erinaceus mycelium.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the accuracy of different methods in detecting free amino acids in plasma.Method 40 blood samples from healthy volunteers were analyzed by an automatic amino acid analyzer ( Li+system) and the results compared with previous reports using other analyzers.Results The results ob-tained by this analyzer for major amino acids [asparagine (Asn), glutamic acid (Glu), glutamine (Gln), valine (Val), tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe), ornithine (Orn), arginine (Arg)] were similar with those previously reported using other amino acid analyzers ( all P>0.05 ) and liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (all P>0.05).Except for Glu and Tyr, the results for major amino acids showed large deviation compared to the results from high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) ( all P<0.05).Conclusion The amino acid analyzer (Li+) and LC-MS/MS (iTRAQ kit) could accurately detect free amino acids in plasma.
ABSTRACT
Salinity decreases yield in arid and semi-arid areas. With increasing demand for irrigation water, alternative sources are being sought. Seawater salinity was previously considered unusable for irrigation. However, this water can be used successfully to grow crops under certain conditions. Amino acids is well known biostimulant which has positive effects on plant growth and yield, and significantly mitigates the injuries caused by abiotic stresses. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of exogenously treatment amino acid on faba bean plant growing under seawater salt stress was investigated. Reduction of salinity damage in faba bean by using a mixture of amino acids to improve morphological and biochemical parameters, and thus raising the level of plant yield was tested. A pot experiment was conducted to alleviate the harmful effects of seawater salinity on faba bean cv. Giza 843 by foliar spraying of an amino acid mixture with different concentrations (0.0, 500, 1000 or 1500 mg L-1). Irrigation of faba bean plants with seawater levels of 3.13 and 6.25 dS m-1 led to significant reductions in shoot length, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weight of shoots, photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates, polysaccharides, nucleic acid DNA and RNA contents of faba bean leaves. Seawater salinity induced higher contents of Na+ and Cl- and decreased contents of K+, K+:Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and P3+. Irrigation of faba bean plant with different levels of seawater decreased seed yield and total dry weight per plant compared with those irrigated with tap water. Also, total carbohydrates and total protein contents in seeds were reduced by increased seawater salinity levels. Amino acid application as foliar spray significantly improved all the reduced parameters due to seawater stress. However, the highest level of amino acid of 1500 mg L-1 exerted the strongest effect in alleviating the harmful effect of seawater salinity stress.
La salinidad disminuye el rendimiento en zonas áridas y semiáridas. Con el aumento de la demanda de agua de riego, se están buscando fuentes alternativas. El agua de mar se consideró previamente inutilizable para irrigación debido a su salinidad. Sin embargo, esta agua puede ser utilizada con éxito en cultivos bajo ciertas condiciones. Los aminoácidos son bioestimulantes bien conocidos por sus efectos positivos sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento, y por mitigar significativamente las lesiones causadas por estrés abióticos. Por lo tanto, en el presente studio se investigó el efecto del tratamiento exógeno con aminoácidos sobre plantas de haba que crecen bajo estrés salino por irrigación con agua de mar. Se evaluó la reducción de daños por salinidad en plantas de haba mediante el uso de una mezcla de aminoácidos para mejorar los parámetros morfológicos y bioquímicos, y por lo tanto elevar el nivel de rendimiento de la planta. Se desarrolló un experimento en macetas para paliar los efectos nocivos de la salinidad del agua de mar en el haba cv. Giza 843 por aspersion foliar de una mezcla de aminoácidos con diferentes concentraciones (0, 500, 1000 o 1500 mg L-1). El riego de plantas de haba con niveles de agua de mar de 3.13 y 6.25 dS m-1 condujo a reducciones significativas en la altura de planta, número de hojas de la planta, peso fresco y seco de los brotes, y en el contenido foliar de pigmentos fotosintéticos, carbohidratos totales, polisacáridos y ácidos nucleicos (ADN y ARN). La salinidad del agua de mar indujo un mayor contenido de Na+ y Cl-, y una disminución del contenido de K+, K+: Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ y P3+. El riego de plantas de haba con diferentes niveles de agua de mar redujo el rendimiento de semillas y el peso seco total por planta en comparación con las regadas con agua corriente. Además, el contenido de carbohidratos y proteína total en las semillas disminuyeron con el aumento de los niveles de salinidad del agua de mar. La aplicación de aminoácidos por aspersion foliar increment significativamente todos los parámetros reducidos debido al estrés por agua de mar. Sin embargo, el más alto nivel de aminoácidos (1500 mg L-1) ejerce el máximo efecto en el alivio de los efectos nocivos de estrés por salinidad del agua de mar.
ABSTRACT
13 C isotopic abundance of intracellular free amino acid with a characteristic of fast- turnover can quickly reflect changes in intracellular metabolic state. But the concentration of intracellular free amino acid is low, the existed 13 C isotope detection method based on GC-MS can not satisfy the requirement with full scan mode. In this study, the selected ion monitoring method was used to detect accuracy higher likelihood of analysis of 13 C isotopic abundance of free intracellular amino acid. First, in the full scan mode we analyzed of the fracture law of different amino acids, found the feature corresponding to each amino acid fragments, and established 16 kinds of free intracellular amino acids characteristic fragment library. Then using this characteristic fragment library, only specific m/z signal was detected in sample analysis, which realized the selected ion monitoring and improved the quality of signal. The results of amino acid standards showed that the signal-to-noise ratio, measurement precision and accuracy were improved by 17, 2. 0 and 3. 8 times compared with the full scan mode. In the analysis of coenzyme Q10 producing strains of samples, this method was successfully used to detect isotopic abundance of 8 kinds of free intracellular amino acids. This method plays an important role in the detection of 13 C isotopic abundance of the intracellular free amino acid in cell metabolism research.
ABSTRACT
This investigation was conducted to study the impacts of using sewage sludge at different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 percent) in amendment of desert reclaimed soil properties and some physiological aspects in wheat and jews mallow plants. Generally adding sewage sludge to desert soil improved the soil texture, raised the organic matter contents, water holding capacity and lowered pH value. The contents of NPK gradually increased as the ratio of sewage sludge increased. The fresh and dry weights and biosyntheses of pigment contents of the variously treated test plants were increased by increasing the sewage sludge levels in the soil. Also, total carbohydrate and protein contents of sewage sludge-treated test plants were positively affected. With respect to the proline content and total free amino acids, in most cases, it decreased significantly, expect at 75 percent sewage sludge, which was higher than that of other concentrations. Also, the accumulation of metal was generally higher, especially in the root than that in the shoot system in the test plant tissues.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assay free amino acids (FAA) content of breast cancer tissue and mammary glandular tissue and discuss the therapeutic basis of unbalanced amino acids of breast cancer. Methods The selected samples were conserved and then cut into pieces, grinded, syruped and deproteinized. Then FAA were separated from the samples. The content of 17 kinds of free amino acids in breast cancer tissue and mammary glandular were assayed respectively. Results The concentration of FAA in breast cancer tissue was higher than that in mammary glandular tissue. Conclusions Free amino acids metabolism was greatly different in breast cancer and mammary glandular tissues. This offers a therapeutic basis for the treatment of unbalanced free amino acids in the case of breast cancer.
ABSTRACT
This study examined the effects of corn gluten (CG) and its hydrolysate consumptions on weight reduction in rats fed a high-fat diet. Eight-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were fed a high-fat diet (40% calorie as fat) for 4 weeks. They were then randomly divided into four groups and fed the isocaloric diets with different protein sources for 8 weeks. The protein sources were casein (control group), intact CG (CG group), CG hydrolysate A (CGHA group, 30% of protein as peptides and 70% as free amino acids) and CG hydrolysate P (CGHP group, 93% of protein as peptides and 7% as free amino acids). Body weight gain, adipose tissue weights, nitrogen balance, absorptions of energy, protein and fat, lipid profiles in plasma, liver and feces and hepatic activities of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT), fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were assessed. The CGHA diet had the highest amount of BCAAs, especially leucine, and most of them existed as free amino acid forms. The CGHA group showed significant weight reduction and negative nitrogen balance. Protein absorption and apparent protein digestibility in the CGHA group were significantly lower than those in other groups. Adipose tissue weights were the lowest in the CGHA group. Activity of CPT tended to be higher in the CGHA group than in other groups and those of FAS, ME and G6PDH were significantly lower in the CGHA group than in other groups. In conclusion, the CGHA diet which had relatively high amounts of free amino acids and BCAAs, especially leucine, had a weight reduction effect by lowering adipose tissue weight and the activities of FAS, ME and G6PDH in experimental animals, but it seemed to be a negative result induced by lowering protein absorption, increasing urinary nitrogen excretion and protein catabolism.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Absorption , Adipose Tissue , Amino Acids , Body Weight , Carnitine , Caseins , Diet , Diet, High-Fat , Fatty Acid Synthases , Feces , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase , Glutens , Leucine , Liver , Nitrogen , Peptides , Plasma , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Staphylococcal Protein A , Transferases , Weight Loss , Weights and Measures , Zea maysABSTRACT
Exercise together with chronic ingestion of ethanol produces physiological and morphological alterations in skeletal muscle. The present study has been carried out to investigate the combined effect of exercise and ethanol ingestion on selected energy metabolic profiles of skeletal muscle fibres with reference to age induced changes. Wistar strain albino rats of two age groups (3 months & 18 months) were divided into four groups - Group I, sedentary control (SC); Group II, exercise (ExT) (30 min, speed of 23 m/min/day/5 days/week for a period of 8 weeks); Group III, ethanol treated (Et) (20% ethanol, 2 gm/kg body weight); Group IV, exercise trained + ethanol treated (ExT + Et) as mentioned in Groups II and III. The animals were sacrificed after 24 hours of the last treatment by cervical dislocation, and the skeletal muscle fibres of gastrocnemius (GN) and soleus (SOL) were isolated from the hind limbs, and selected energy metabolic profiles such as carbohydrates, glycogen, and free amino acids were estimated. The total carbohydrate content, glycogen and FAA are significantly elevated with ExT and also with combination treatment. However, the same parameters were decreased with ethanol intoxication in both skeletal muscle fibres when compared with sedentary control rats. The results suggest a beneficial role of exercise in preventing ethanol-induced toxicity.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the compositions and contents of Amino Acids in the Fruit of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. . METHODS: The contents of total Amino Acids and free Amino Acids in the Fruit of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. were determined with Amino Acid analyzer. RESULTS: The content of total Amino Acids in the Fruit of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. was 4. 76g, among which that of the Amino Acids essential for human body was 2. 11g ( accounting for 44. 3% ) ; the content of free Amino Acids was 25. 29mg, among which that of the Amino Acids essential for human body was 9. 3mg( accounting for 36. 7% ) . CONCLUSIONS: The Fruit of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is rich in Amino Acids, and is of high nutritional value.
ABSTRACT
The plasma free amino acids (PFAA) were measured in 37 healthy children (27 boys, 14 girls) under 4 years of age. Blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast. All the analyses were performed by elution chromatograph with a Beckman 121 MB Amino Acid Analyser. Data of plasma concentrations of 21 free amino acids and of 9 essential ones were collected. Among them, the concentrations of Alamine, Glutamine and Glutamate were on the top accounting about 40% of the total. In this study there revealed noither sex nor age differences in infants and children under 4 years of age, suggesting that in younger children the pool of amino acids is so expansible to fit their growth and development. The ratios of different amino acids were calculated. For example, NEAA/EAA was 1.5, Ala/Thr 2-3.0, Ala/Leu 2-2.5,Ala/ BCAA 0.6-0.7, Phen/Tyr 1 and Gly/Val 1. It seemed possible using these ratios to evaluate the status of malnutrition of young children